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HABAM (1014). [Concilium Habense.] Held about the year 1014, at Habam, or Badam (a place not identified), in England, in the reign of Ethelred. Eight canons were enacted.

1. Enacts that God be loved and honoured before all things, and His mercy and assistance invoked with fasting, alms, confession, and abstinence from evil; that the king be obeyed; that one penny be paid for every ploughland, and that every hierman (parishioner) pay one penny, and every thane pay tithe of all that he hath.

2. Enacts that every Christian, of age, shall fast on bread and water, and raw herbs, before the feast of St Michael for three days, during which time every man shall go to confession and to church barefoot, and every priest and his people shall go in procession; every priest shall say thirty masses, and every deacon and clerk thirty psalms; all servants shall be during these three days excused from work, and food be given by each person to the poor. There are many other regulations upon the same subject.

3. Orders the mass styled “Contra Paganos” be sung every morning for the king.

4. Orders the payment of church-scot and tithe.

5. Forbids to sell any one out of his native country under anathema.

6. Forbids robbery, and orders restitution when robbery has been committed.

7. Orders the payment of alms money at Michaelmas.

8. Relates to the office and duty of a judge.—Johnson, Ecc. Canons, A.D. 1014. Tom. ix. Conc. p. 807. Wilkins’ Conc., vol. i p. 295.

HALLE (1176). [Concilium Hallense.] A council was held at Halle, in the ecclesiastical province of Magdeburg, in the year 1176, by Wigbertus, the metropolitan. The object of the council was to discover some means of checking the mania for tournaments which then prevailed, and which no ecclesiastical censures had been found sufficient to restrain. The immediate subject before the council was the case of a nobleman, called Conrad, who had died in consequence of wounds received in such a meeting. It was decided that Christian burial should be refused to his body, unless clear proof of his penitence should be given, and unless all the lords who implored this favour for him would take an oath to abstain in future from all tournays, and to discourage the passion for them in their dependents.—Mansi, Supp. Coll. Conc. tom. ii.

HAMBURG (1406). [Concilium Hamburgense.] Held in 1406, by the Archbishop of Bremen, in which the conduct of certain Franciscan friars was strongly condemned, who had taught the ignorant in the neighbourhood of Lubeck that every person dying in the habit of their order was undoubtedly saved, and that upon the yearly descent of St Francis into purgatory they were taken out of its torments, and carried into heaven, however short a time they might have been there.—Mansi, Supp. Tom. iii. Coll. 771 and 772.

HATFIELD (680). [Concilium Hedfeldense.] In September 680, a council was held at Hatfield, in Hertfordshire; Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, presided. The first five œcumenical councils were received, and the decrees of the Church of Rome, 694, against the Monothelites, agreed to. In this council Theodore styles himself Archbishop of the Island of Britain.—Johnson, Ecc. Canons. Tom. vii. Conc. p. 577. Wilkins’ Conc., vol. i. p. 51.

HERTFORD (673). [Concilium Herudfordense.] Held on the 24th September 673, by Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury; the Bishops of East Anglia (Bise), Rochester (Putta), Wessex (Eleutherius), Mercia (Winfred), together with the deputies of Wilfred of Northumbria, and several canonists, were present; ten canons were drawn up.

1. Commands the observance of Easter day on the Sunday after the fourteenth day of the moon in the first month.

2. Commands that no bishop shall intrude upon the parish (parochiam) of another bishop, but shall rest contented with the government of the people intrusted to him.

3. Enacts that it shall not be lawful for any bishop in any way to disturb or plunder any monastery.

4. Forbids monks to emigrate from one monastery to another without the permission of the abbot.

5. Forbids clerks to leave their own bishop and to wander about; forbids to receive them any where except they shall bring letters commendatory from their bishop.

6. Bishops and other clergy coming from another Church, to be contented with the hospitality shown to them, and not to presume to perform any office in the Church without the permission of the bishop of that Church.

7. Orders the holding of synods twice in every year: and adds that since many things may operate to hinder this, one shall at any rate be called every year, on the kalends of August, in the place called Cloveshooh (or Cliffshoe).

8. Orders that bishops shall take precedence according to the date and order of their consecration.

9. Declares that the question was raised, whether the number of bishops ought to be increased in proportion to the increase of the faithful, but that nothing was determined.

10. Relates to marriages: forbids all unlawful marriages; forbids incest, and to divorce a wife except for fornication; forbids a man divorced from his wife to marry another woman.—Johnson’s Ecc. Canons, A.D. 673. Baronius, A.D. 672. Tom. vi. Conc. p. 535. Wilkins’ Conc., vol. i. p. 43.

HETHFELD (679). Held by Theodore in 679. The decree of Hertford, 673 (canon 9), was confirmed and sanctioned by Ethelred, King of the Mercians. In this year the kingdom of Mercia was divided into the four sees of Lichfield (the original see), and Leicester, Lindisy, and Worcester. The see of Hereford had been erected four years previously.

HIERAPOLIS (197). Held about the year 197, by Apollinarius, bishop of the see, and twenty-six other bishops, who separated Montanus, Maximilian, and Theodotus from the communion of the Church.—Tom. i. Conc. p. 599.

HIPPO (393). See Council of AFRICA for this year.

HIPPO (426). [Concilium Hipponense.] Held in 426, on Sunday, September 26. In this council St Augustine, assisted by two bishops and seven priests, appointed Eradius his successor, with the assent of all the inhabitants of the place. He required that Eradius should abide in the priestly office until the time of his own death, in order to comply with the canon of Nicea, which forbids to consecrate any one to a see in the life-time of the actual bishop, which had been done, against his will, in the case of Augustine himself, who was, in a council held at Hippo in 395, consecrated bishop in the life-time of Valerius.

HOLMPATRICK (1148). Held at Holmpatrick, in Ireland, in 1148, by the advice of the Pope Innocentius II., under the following circumstances: Malachy O’Morgair, formerly Archbishop of Armagh, having for some cause resigned the archiepiscopal chair, and retired to the bishopric of Down, journeyed to Rome to petition the pope to grant the pall to the archbishops of Armagh and Cashel. (St Bernard, Vita St Malach, c. 16, does not mention the name of the second archbishopric. Some think it was Tuam.) He was well received by Innocentius, who, however, advised him to return to Ireland, and to convoke a national synod to consider the question, promising, upon a request from the synod, that the palls should be granted. In consequence, this synod was assembled, at which fifteen bishops and two hundred priests attended. The result was a formal petition to Pope Eugenius III. (who had succeeded Innocentius, who died in the interim), which Malachy was commissioned to convey to Rome.—Bp. Mant’s Hist. of the Irish Church, pp. 5, 6.

HUESCA (598). [Concilium Oscense.] Held in 598, all the bishops of the province of Tarragona; no name preserved, but Asiaticus was metropolitan, November 1, 599, and Artemius in November 592. Two canons only are extant; one orders that the diocesan synods, composed of the abbots, priests, and deacons of the diocese, be held annually, in which the bishop shall exhort his clergy upon the duties of frugality and continence; the second orders the bishop to inform himself whether the priests, deacons, and subdeacons observe the law of continence.—Tom. v. Conc. p. 1604.

HUSILLOS (1088), in the territory of Palencia. See Florez, in loc, and Tom. iv. p. 188, and Tom. xxvi. p. 215; Tom. xix. p. 204; and Tom. xxxviii. p. 119. To determine the limits of the bishopric of Osma, and of Oca, lately transferred to Burgos. Arias, Bishop of Oviedo, was present. Cardinal Richard, Archbishop of Toledo and Aix, in Provence.